Egyptian Women Workers and Entrepreneurs: Maximizing Opportunities in the Economic Sphere

Marc Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Table of Contents: Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- Study Methodology -- Progress toward Ensuring Equal Legal and Economic Status for Women -- Barriers to Women's Full Economic Participation Remain -- The Need for Additional Research -- The Need for Action -- Chapter 1. Female Employment and the Working Environment -- Female Participation in the Labor Market -- The Working Environment for Men and Women in the Manufacturing Sector -- Notes -- Chapter 2. Women's Entrepreneurship -- Women's Ownership of Firms -- Improvements in the Business Environment -- Different Constraints Facing Male and Female Entrepreneurs -- Organizations Fostering Women in Business -- Chapter 3. Labor Markets, Firm Productivity, and Gender -- Sex Segregation in Egypt -- Factors Affecting the Probability of Employing Women -- Gender Composition and Productivity -- Annex -- Notes -- Chapter 4. Women's Access to Finance -- The Limited Role of Formal Financing -- The Limited Role of Banking, Targeted Initiatives for Women, and Microcredit -- The Need for Education and Financial and Business Management Training -- The Need for New Reforms -- Note -- Chapter 5. Social Safety Nets, Security, and Gender -- Work Contracts -- Lack of Separate Physical Accommodations for Women in the Workplace -- Union Membership -- Chapter 6. Enhancing Women's Participation in Economic Activities: The Way Forward -- Continuing to Improve the Business Environment -- Addressing Norms, Traditions, and Legal Discrimination -- Encouraging Women to Join the Labor Force -- Improving Employment Conditions for Female Workers -- Increasing Women's Access to Finance, Including through Microcredit -- Enhancing Vocational Training for Girls and Training for Female Workers -- Conducting Research and Sex-Disaggregated Analysis of the Work Environment -- Note -- Appendix: Characteristics of Surveyed Workers -- References -- Index -- Boxes -- 1.1. Women in the Middle East and North Africa Region Employ More Women -- 2.1. Women's Time Use in Africa -- 2.2. Nurturing Women's Businesses: The Example of AWTAD -- 3.1. Computing the Share of Women by Occupation -- 4.1. Targeting Female Customers: Standard Chartered Bank in Africa -- 4.2. Facilitating Women's Access to Microloans: The Al Tadamun Microfinance Program in Egypt -- 6.1. The Gender Equity Model -- Figures -- 0.1. Firm Size by Gender -- 1.1. Male and Female Employees' Perceptions of Gender Differences in Salaries and Work Benefits -- 2.1. Size Distribution of Firms Owned by Men and Women in Egypt -- 2.2. Percentage of Firms Rating Constraint as Major or Severe -- 3.1. Composition of Firms' Labor Force by Gender and Occupation -- 3.2. Percentage of Women in Various Occupational Groups, by Decile of Total Factor Productivity -- 3.3. Percentage of Women in Various Occupational Groups, by Quintile of Total Factor Productivity -- 4.1. Use of Various Savings Vehicles, by Level of Educational Attainment. Publisher Marketing: Intends to fill the significant research gap on women's entrepreneurship and labour force participation in Egypt, as well as provide suggestions for addressing continued gender inequalities in these arenas. Review Citations: Reference and Research Bk News 05/01/2010 pg. 113 (EAN 9780821381908, Paperback)